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Tourism officials say this year's 49th annual winter carnival, held Jan. 31-Feb. 16, drew about 1 million people who spent about $29 million.
Now they are already at work planning for next year, the 50th anniversary celebration, and they say it's not too early for visitors to start making their plans.
Unlike the pre-Lenten celebrations of Rio de Janeiro and New Orleans, partygoers here sport heavy coats and mittens instead of the scantily-clad outfits of Mardi Gras notoriety. Multimedia shows, fireworks, night parades and canoe races are some of the activities.
"Even when we have visitors in the summer, we talk about the winter carnival," says Caroline Gague, a tourism information officer in Quebec City.
The family oriented festival promotes a mix of history, tradition, folklore and novelty -- like the whimsical clowns and King of the Carnival, fondly known as Bonhomme (pronounced BOH-nome).
Not to be confused with another portly snowman named Frosty, Quebec's merry mascot has become an ambassador of sorts in his traditional tuque (bright red hat) and ceinture flechee (arrow sash). In opening ceremonies, he's given the keys to the city, an ice palace and full run of the show -- that is, when you can find him. Ask around and most people will send you on a wild goose chase.
For adults, this can get old pretty fast as bitter winds smack across your face.
Winter Carnival media relations officer Roxanne St. Pierre says part of the fun is trying to find Bonhomme.
"People from Quebec are really a warm people, so we tend to forget about the cold," she laughed. "Each year people want to meet Bonhomme or find out where he'll be. All the children love him. He is the king of the event, so he represents the best in all of us. He really has his own personality."
Best place for sightings? Practically every shopkeep's window along the cobblestone streets of Vieux Quebec. Fortunately, the region's cultural vibrancy overshadows all those kitschy knickknacks.
A lot easier to find is something for everyone at the Children's Village -- just outside the gates of the walled city. Outdoor sports and cultural events, international snow sculpture competitions, folk music, maple sugar cabins and copious supplies of hot cocoa are definite crowd-pleasers.
Youngsters try their luck at ice fishing, teens race off for a chance to slide down steep hills blanketed by snow. Meanwhile, exhausted parents look downright giddy when they spot horse-drawn carriages primed for sleigh rides and the Calgary flapjack-eating contest.
Most of this year's festivities were held around Bonhomme's spectacular ice palace, built directly across from Parliament and adjacent to a vast city park, the Plaines d'Abraham.
The park was once a battlefield for British and French forces and sits behind the city's armory, which now houses a tourist information center.
Patti Sheeler, of Strathroy, Ontario, watched her sons play near a mound of powdery snow in the Children's Village.
"I don't speak French, so this really feels like we're in another country instead of Canada," Sheeler said. "We're even enjoying the cold. It's so amazing to see what people can create with snow and ice."
Founded by French explorer Samuel de Champlain in 1608, Quebec City attracts tourists from all points. Prior to European settlement, native Canadian tribes flourished in the area. Its architecture, museums and churches represent French, British and Amerindian influences. It's divided into two sections -- Upper Town, which includes the old city and overlooks the majestic St. Lawrence River; and Lower Town, which touches the river's shoreline. In 1985, Vieux Quebec was named a "World Heritage Site" by UNESCO.
Residents eagerly share intriguing tidbits about its historical significance, pointing to landmarks along the way. Travelers agree this magical place wears its Old World charm well. As the capital of the province, Quebec City also is seat of the National Assembly.
Americans are the largest group of foreign visitors, followed by Europeans, according to the Quebec City and Area Tourism and Convention Bureau. Ironically, the centuries-old fortifications that surround Vieux Quebec were originally built to protect it against American and British attack.
French is the official, and often, first language of most. However, English is spoken throughout Quebec, particularly in busy shopping districts and areas near tourist sites. The celebration helps generate revenue and goodwill, says Stephanie Jagou, a spokeswoman for the event. Despite the weather, Quebec City has become a popular destination during its coldest season.
"We have a huge amount of visitors coming just for the carnival, especially from the New England region because it's easily accessible by car," Jagou said. "They like it here and the weather isn't so much of a stretch."
George and Carole Royer, of Kalamazoo, Mich., keep coming back -- seven years to be exact.
"But not for carnival, we come for the snow," 65-year-old Carole Royer said after sharing a hearty Quebecois meal at Aux Anciens Canadiens. The couple spend most of the winter in Florida, then crisscross Canada by train.
"We thoroughly enjoy this," she said.
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